Appliance for waving hair



18,1936. J. V. SLAVIC'K 0 2,051,519

APPLIANCE FOR WAVING HAIR Filed June 25, 1954 Patented Aug. 18, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE My invention relates to apparatus for waving or curling hair upon the human head. An-important object of the invention is to provide' apparatus of the above mentioned character, :which is extremely simple in construction,

and easily manipulated.

A- further object of the invention is to provide a pad to be applied to the head for use in con- 1 nection with a clamp, and which will serve to effectively prevent steam and heat passing to the scalp. 6

A further object of the invention is toprovide simple and reliable means for connecting the casing with the clamp. Y

A further object of the vention is to provide simple and reliable means or rotating the curl,-

ing element or spool within the casing and lockv ing the same against rotation to retain the wound hair under proper tension.

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby heat rays from a lamp inay be employed inheating the prepared wound hair,

to effect curling.

Other objects and advantages of the invenfollowing description.

' Intheaccompanying drawing forming a part.

of this application and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a hair waving appliance embodying my invention, showing the parts assembled,

3 Figure 2 is a similar view, showing the parts separated,

Figure 3 is a central vertical longitudinal section through the assembled appliance,

Figure 4 is a transversesection taken on line Figure 5 is a. perspective view of a modified form of an appliance embodying the invention,

Figure 6 is a transverse section taken on line 55 vertical slit l2. This slit passes through the botcheap to manufacture and which may be quickly tion will be apparent during the course of the tomface of' the pad Ill and the top face of the rib II, and terminates at pointsspaced from the .ends of the rib II. This rib constitutes a mar ginal lip extendingabout the slit I 2,.as shown.

The numeral l3 designates a clamp as a whole, 5 embodying elongated sides ll, preferablyformed of metal, and having their inner longitudinal edges-bent upwardly, producing flanges l5, which faceoutwardly from each other and are curved in cross-section. Arranged beneath the sides ll 10 are rigid heat insulating strips l6, preferably formed of bakelite. The insulating strip I6 is spaced from each side II, and a spacing block I1 is arranged between these parts, and these several elements are rigidly held together by suitable means, such as a rivet I8. A U-shaped hinge element I! has its closed end mounted upon one end of one side M. This hinge element embodies upper and lower leaves 20 and 2|. The lower leaf extends beneath the side M and be- I) tween it and the adjacent insulating strip l6 and the leaves, sides I and insulating strip Ii are rigidly secured together bya rivet 22 or the like. The leaves 2| and 2| are arranged above and beneath the adjacent end of the other side 25 I4, and these elements are pivotally'connected by a rivet 23, which passes through the leaves 2ll and 2|, the side 14, and insulating strip Ii. The numeral 24 designates a U-shaped latch, embodying'upper and lower leaves 25 and 26. 30 The upper leaf 25 is provided with anupstanding ear or extension 21, adapted to be engaged by the finger in opening or closing the latch. The free ends of the leaves 25 and 26 are arranged above and below the free end of one side I4, and are pivotally connected therewith by means of a rivet. 28 or the like, passing through these leaves, the side l4, and the adjacent insulating strip IS. The closed end of the latch 2| is adapted to be moved over an extension 29, formed upon the free end ofthe companion side l4, thereby locking the movable side in the closed position parallel with the companion side ll.

' Adjacent to the extension 29, a spacing block 30 is arranged beneath the side I4, and a rivet 3| or the like serves to rigidly connect this side ll, block 30, and the insulating strip l6.

The numeral 32 designates a preferably cylindrical casing which is preferably formed of metal and is provided at one end with a head 32, hav-- to ing a centrally arranged contracted opening 34 formed therein. The casing 32 is also provided in itslower portion with an elongated slot 35, which extends from the open end of the elon-- gated casing to a point, arrangednear and I6 I spaced from the head 33. Rigidly'attached to the upper portion of the casing 32, adjacent to its opened end, and opposite the slot 33, is an inwardly projecting locking tooth or lug 37, as shown.

The numeral 33 designates a rotatable curling element or spool, which is circular in cross-section and increases in diameter toward its opposite ends. This spool is provided upon its opposite ends with parallel flanges or wheels 33 and 43, rigidly attached thereto. The flange or wheel 43 is provided upon its periphery with spaced notches 4|. The flanges or wheels 33 and 43 are adapted for insertion within the cylindrical elongated casing 32 and have a slightly smaller diameter than the interior diameter of this casing. A recess 42, formed square in cross-section, is formed in the central portion 01' the flange or wheel 39 and the adjacent end of the curling element or spool 33 and is adapted for alignment with the opening 34. A key 43 is adapted to be inserted through the opening 34 into the recess 42 and this key is used to turn the curling elelalent or spool when arranged within the casing The casing 32 is not provided with heating means permanently attached thereto, and any well known type of heating device may be detachably applied to'the casing 32, such as an electrical 0 heater or the clamp type, as shown in Letters Patent 1,455,696, embodying electric heaters A and B. By having the electric heater detachable, when it isremoved from the casing, such heated casing will cool much quicker, thus allowing the $5 hair to cool quicker. The casing constitutes a substantially closed space for the hair, and since the wrapper is omitted from the hair, the uncovered hair will also heat quicker. That portion of the solution which is vaporized is held in thecas- 4o .ing in contact with the hair, and freely passes around the hair to act upon all portions thereof, while the hair remains spaced from the casing. The heater is applied to the casing and the current turned on and it takes about two minutes for the electric heater to reach boiling point and the heater at this temperature remains on the easing for about one minute. This is sufficient to heat the hair properly. The heater is then bodily removed and the casing then cools, the hair tightening up upon the falling temperature. The

time that the hair is to remain upon the curler. during the cooling period, depends considerably upon the structure of the hair, and the longer the hair remains wound upon the curler, during the cooling period, the tighter will be the curl.

1 t The use of this form of the appliance is as follows:

The operator selects a lock 01' hair and applies -thereto a softening solution and this lock so sotreated is passed through the slit l2 in the pad I. until the pad is brought into firm engagement with the scalp, the lock having its strands ar ranged so that the lock is flat or that portion of the lock is flat which is positioned within the slit I2. with the lock extending above the slit and the pad II in firm engagement with the scalp,

the clamp I3 is now applied to the top of the pad,v

in the open position, and its stationary side is brought into engagement with one side of the rib I I, the curved flange I5 engaging such side of the rib. The companion side of the clamp carry ing the latch 24, is now swung to the inner position and when becoming parallel with the first side, the latch 24 isswung over the extension 23. "The' flanges I! of the two sides l4 now firmly ena,os1,'e'7e V gage and compress the slit rib l I, and.this slit rib will now firmly engage the fiat lock, and yield in such engagement therewith, whereby this slit is completely closed and any steam prevented from through the slit to the scalp, while the 6 pad II, will prevent overheating oi the scalp.

With the pad and clamp thus mounted on the scalp, the operator places the free end of the lock upon the spool and turns the spool to wind the lock thereon, such lock being previously treat- 10 ed with a softening solution, which is suitable for the type of hair being waved. The operator regulates the tightness of the winding during the rotation of the curler or spool and when the winding is practically completed the spool is placed 1 upon the top oi the clamp l3 in substantial alignment with the slit l2. Instead of winding the lock on the spool by rotating the spool, the lock may be spirally wound upon the spool in whole or part. It is desired that the hair be evenly 20 wound upon the spool so that it will be at all times spaced from the casing 32 with the spool placed on top of the clamp. As explained, the open end of the casing 32 is brought to the flange or wheel 33, and the casing is inclined and'moved 35 over the top of wheel 33 so'that the tooth or lug 31 will clear the wheel 33, and at about the same time, the edges of the slot 35 are brought into engagement beneath the longitudinal flanges II and the casing is then moved forwardly toward the flange orwheel 43 in parallel relation with the clamp l3. When the open end of this casing is disposed adjacent to the wheel 43, the key 43 is inserted into the recess 42 and the spool is'sllghtly turned to obtain the desired final tension on 35 the lock. and while the spool is held against rotation, the tooth or lug 31 is inserted into the with the heater. The wheels 33 and 43 have substantially a sliding fit in the casing 32, and sub- 50 stantially cover. the ends of this casing, the slot 35 being covered by the clamp, whereby the casing is substantially closed. An electricalheater of any well known or preferred type is now applied to the exterior of the casing 32, to heat the same, 55 which heat is transnfltted to the interior of the casing and is transmitted to the wound hair by radiation alone and not by contact. Since the wound hair treated with the softening solution is enclosed within the substantially closed casing.- so

the solution will evaporate sufiiciently slowly to cause the proper curling of the hair. At the end oi the heatingperiod, the electrical heating device is separated from the casing 32 and the cas-. ing removed from the clamp, by a longitudinal s5 movement, but the spool will not move longitudinall'y with the casing since the wheel 43 will engage the ends of the flanges IS. After the casing is removed, the hair is unwound from the spool, which is separated from the clamp, the clamp re- 70 moved from the pad, and the pad separated from the lock.

In Rm 5 and 6, I have shown a modification of the appliance. In this modification, a pad, 44 is provided'which is to be applied to the-75 .therewith and a longitudinal slit is formed through the rib and pad and terminates at points near and spaced from the ends of the rib 45. Flanges 41 preferably formed of metal are provided and these flanges are curved in cross-section and face outwardly and the flanges embody bases 48 which are imbedded in the material of the pad 44 upon opposite sides of the slit. Particular attention is called to the fact that the flanges and their bases terminate at the ends of .the rib 45, whereby the extremities or ends of the pad are left with their normal transverse elasticity. This permits the spreading of the flanges 41 and the slit 46 for the insertion of the lock of hair.

The numeral 49 designates an elongated cylindrical casing identical with the casing 32 except that the casing 49 is formed of transparent or light transmitting material such as glass. The metal tooth or stud 31 is attached to the open end of the casing 49 and the casing has-the longitudinal slot 35 in its lower portion and the opening 34 for the key and the opposite end of the casing is open. The casing receives the same curling element or spool.

In the use of this form of the implement, the

lock is passed through the slit 46 and the pad placed firmly upon the scalp. The lock is now wound upon the spool by rotating the spool or by winding the lock spirally about the spool and the spool is now placed on top of the pad 48, in alignment with the slit 46. The transparent casing 49 now has its open end applied over the wheel 39, and the edges of its longitudinal slot will engage beneath the flanges 41 and the casing 49 is then moved forwardly in parallel relation to the pad until its open end is brought adjacent to the notched wheel 40. The spool may now be turned within the-casingto adjust the tension of the hair and the tooth or lug 31 then moved into the notch 4| to lock the spool against rotation. When the casing 49 is applied to the flanges 41, it forces them inwardly suiliciently, to compress the rib 45 and close the slit 43. A source of light,

such as any lamp, reflecting or otherwise, producing heat rays is now arranged suitably near the transparent casing and the heat rays willpass through the casing andheat the wound hair having the softening solution applied thereto for producing a satisfactory permanent wave. I'

preferably employ a lamp which will produce infra red rays or violet rays. The heat rays suite ably heat the hair. By heating with these rays, all of the disadvantages encountered in connection with electric heaters are dispensed with, and I can also use a weaker softening solution as applied to the hair. I have found that the heat rays from the lamp should be applied to the hair for about five to thirty minutes. The infra red rays or violet rays not only heat the hair for curling but are beneficial to the hair structure.

After the hair has become properly heated for a suitable length of time, it is allowed to cool on the curler, the casing removed, and the hair unwound from the curler.

It is to be understood that the forms of my invention herewith shown and described are to be taken as preferred examples of the same, and that various changes may be made in the shape,

' size and arrangement of parts of the apparatus,

and'changes may be made in the order of the steps of the method, without departing from the lected notch.

spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

' Having thus described my invention what I claim is:

1. In a hair curling appliance, a pad provided upon its upper surface with flanges, between which the hair is passed, a clamp removably mounted upon the upper surface of the. pad and including sides to engage the flanges to force the same inwardly to cover the slit, a casing removably mounted upon the clamp, and a curler for arrangement within the casing and being adaptcd'to have the hair wound thereon and to hold the hair spaced from the casing.

2. In a hair curling appliance, a pad having an opening formed therein for the passage of hair, a clamp removably mounted upon the pad and including heat insulating elements engaging the pad, a casing removably mounted upon the clamp, and a curler for arrangement within the casing and adapted to have the hair wound thereon and to retain the same spaced from the casing.

3. In a hair curling appliance, an elongated clamp having sides provided with flanges, an elongated casing having a longitudinal slot providing edges to engage with the flanges, and a curler mounted within the casing and adapted to have the hair wound thereon and to retain the same spaced from the casing.

4. In a hair curling appliance, an elongated clamp including spaced sides provided with spaced upwardly projecting flanges having laterally extending parts, and an elongated casing having one end open and provided with a longitudinal slot passing through the open end, said slot receiving ,the flanges,-said casing being -interlocked with the flanges against relative vertical movement,

and a curler adapted, for insertion within the T elongated casing through the end opening and the wheels engaging the inner surface of the casing to retain the curler spaced from such inner surface, one wheel being arranged adjacent to the end opening and having notches, a locking element carried by the casing adjacent to its end opening for insertion within a selected-slot for holding the curler against rotation, and means operated from the exterior of the casing to'turn the curler before it is held against rotation.

6. In a hair curling appliance, a casing having an end opening and a longitudinal'slot, anelongated curler having wheels near its ends, one wheel having notches, the curler being adapted for insertion into the casing through the end opening,

and a tooth secured to the casing near its end opening and adapted for insertion within a se '7. In a hair curling appliance, a casing having an end opening and a'longitudinal slot, an elongated curler having spaced wheels, one wheel having notches, the curler being adapted for insertion into the casing through the end opening and the wheels having substantially a sliding flt within the casing, and an inwardly projecting tooth secured to the casing near its end opening for insertion within a selected notch.

8. In a hair curling appliance, a casing having an end opening and a longitudinal slot, an elongated curler having spaced wheels, one wheel having notches, the curler being adapted for insertion into the casing through the end opening, an inwardly projecting tooth carried by the casingand adapted for insertion within a selected notch, a hair clamp arranged beneath the casing and having a part for insertion within the slot, and a pad arranged beneath the clamp.

9.- In a hair curling appliance, an elongated casing having an end opening and a longitudinal slot, a pad having an opening for the passage of hair, flanges secured to the pad-for insertion within the slot and having lateral extensions to engage. with the inner surface of the casing, and a curler for insertion within the casing through the end opening.

10..In a hair curling appliance, a clamp including elongated sides having laterally directed flanges extending longitudinally of the sides, a casing having one end open and provided in its lower portion with a longitudinal slot, said slot having a width less than the diameter of the casing and affording spaced longitudinal edges which are adapted to engage beneath the flanges so that the casing is locked to the flanges against relative vertical separation and is capable of moving longitudinally with relation to the flanges, a locking tooth attached to the casing, a curler having wheels, one wheel having notches adapted to receive the locking tooth, the curler being adapted to be'arranged upon the clamp and the casing brought into interlocking engagement with said flanges and moved longitudinally over the curler so that the wheels enter the casing and the locking tootlr. is inserted within a selected notch.

11. In a hair curling appliance, a clamp including elongated sides having laterally directed flanges extending longitudinally of the sides, a casing having one end open and provided in its lower portion with a longitudinal slot, said slot having a width less than the diameter of the casing and affording spaced longitudinal edges which are adapted to engage beneath the flanges so that the casing is locked to the flanges against relative vertical separation and is capable of moving longitudinally with relation to the flanges, a locking tooth attached to the casing near its forward open end, a curler having wheels near its ends, one wheel having notches adapted to receive the locking tooth, the curler being adapted to be arranged upon the clamp and the casing brought into interlocking engagement with said flanges and moved longitudinally over the curler so that the wheels enter the casing and the locking tooth is inserted within a selected notch, and means operated from the exterior of the casing to turn the curler before the locking tooth is inserted within the notch.

12. In a hair curling appliance, a clamp emb dying sides having upwardly projectingflanges having lateral extensions, a curler having wheels vice for engagement with the hair, an elongated notches, an elongated casing having a longitudinal slot and spaced longitudinal edges, said edges being adapted to be arranged beneath the lateral extensions of the flanges and the casing moved longitudinally of the flanges. so that the 5 casing is locked to the flanges against relative casing against lateral separation and permitting of relative longitudinal movement between the 20 casing and clamp, a curler for insertion intothe casing through the end opening thereof, means to turn the curler, and means to hold the curler against turning movement.

14. In a hair curling appliance, a casing having an opening adjacent to one end thereof and a longitudinal slot, a clamp having means for insertion within the slot and holding the clamp and easing against lateral separation and permitting of relative longitudinal movement between the casing and clamp, and a curler for insertion into the casing through the end opening thereof.

15. In a hair curling appliance, a clamping de- 35 casing removably mounted upon the clamping device and having an opening at one end and a longitudinally extending slot, a curler to be inserted within the elongated casing through the opening in the end; thereof, said curler being 40 adapted to have the hair wound thereon and provided with wheel or. wheels to engage with the casing and retain the hair spaced from the casing, means to turn the curler while within the casing to place the hair under suitable tension, and means to hold the curler against turning movement in one direction. I

16. In ,a hair curling appliance, a clamping device for engagement with the hair, an elongated casing removably mounted upon the clamping device and having an opening at one end and a longitudinal slot, flanges for preventing the relativeturning movement of the casing with respect to the clamping device,- a curler for insertion within the casing through the opening at its end and adapted to have-the hair wound thereon and having 'wheel or wheels engaging the casing to retain the hair spaced from the casing, means to turn the curler while within the casing to place the hair under tension,-and means to hold the 6 curler against turning movement in one direction. JOSEPH V. SLAVICK. 

